Finishing process in textile wet processing:
1. Calendering.
2. Embossing.
3. Stentering.
4. Anti-creasing.
5. Sanforizing.
6. Mercerizing.
7. Washing.
9. Water Proofing.
10. Moth and mildew proofing.
11. Fireproofing
Table of Contents
1. Calendering:
Calendering is a method of finishing the fabric by bringing a slight change, smoothness, and softness to the fabric with the help of pressure and heat through a heavy roller or bowl. In simple words, calendering is the name of ironing clothes. Calendering is more essential than other processes in finishing. https://bdfabric.com/criteria-of-selection-bleaching-agents/
2. Finishing process in textile wet processing-Embossing:
Embossing allows a variety of fabric patterns to be created. Embossing is a special kind of calendering method. It has a metal roller design and excavation. This design is boiled with pressure and heat. Mercerized fabric designs are brighter and more durable than ordinary fabrics. https://bdfabric.com/classification-and-description-of-singeing-machine/
3. Finishing process in textile wet processing-Stentering:
The stenting machine is very important in textile finishing. The main function of this machine is to stretch. The fabric fleet is somewhat compressed through various wet processes. The process by which the shrinkage of the cloth is restored and the cloth is dried is called stentering. This machine is usually 90-120 feet long and 70 inches wide. However, 10 feet long machines are very popular.
4. Anti-creasing:
The process by which the finishing process is done so that the fabric does not have any folds is called anti-creasing. Leaving it free after the crease has fallen on the cloth, it returns or wants to return to its previous state more or less, this quality of the fabric is called crease recovery.
5. Sanforizing:
The fabric shrinks due to wet processes like dyeing, printing, and washing. The process by which the fabric is compressed evenly beforehand to protect it from such shrinkage is called sanforizing. The machine that is used to complete the process is called a sanforizing machine, it has a mechanical finish. This method is the exact opposite of stentering.
6. Mercerizing:
Mercerizing is the process by which cotton fabrics at low temperatures are treated with 55-65 towadel concentrated Caustic Soda (NaOH) solution tension to increase the luster, strength, and color absorption capacity of the fabric. Mercerizing changes the physical and chemical properties of cotton fabric. This method is especially important for increasing the quality of cotton fabric printing.
7. Washing:
Washing is a necessary and important finishing process in the wet processing industry. Different types of chemicals are used on the fabric in different wet processes. Anything that sticks to the surface of the fabric and is not removed by washing is likely to damage the fabric later. Washing is the process of removing excess chemicals and impurities from the surface of the fabric.
9. Finishing process in textile wet processing-Water Proofing:
Water proofing is the process of covering the surface of the fabric with a resistant film to prevent water from entering the fabric. Water proofing is usually done on tarpaulin, canvas, wagon cover, raincoat, umbrella cloth, etc. In the case of such proofing, water and air cannot enter the cloth and the cloth is also very heavy.
10. Moth and mildew proofing:
If textile material is left in one place for a long time, it is more likely to be attacked by bacteria, moths, insects, and various other types of insects. The finishing process by which special measures are taken to protect cloth and textile material from moths and other insects is called moth profiling. It does not usually damage cotton or silk fabrics. However, the moth is more addicted to woolen cloth. In different climates, a type of fungus or bacterium grows on the fabric that is mildew, it attacks the fiber and the fiber is damaged. Cellulose fibers and jute can be attacked by various types of mildew. Moth and mildew proofing is the process by which textile materials can be protected from such bacteria, moths, insects, and various other types of insects.
11. Fireproofing:
Most textile materials are combustible materials. All the clothes get burnt when they come in contact with fire. Therefore, it is necessary to make the cloth fire resistant for special needs and in some special cases. For example, fireproofing cloth is required for the use of firefighters, naval, aircraft, submarines, and various factory workers. The finishing process that gives the fabric quality so that the fabric does not catch fire or spread easily, is called fireproofing. Phosphorus-containing substances are commonly used as fire-proofing agents.
